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France
Rift widens between French defence ministers amid geopolitical crises

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French Minister for the Armed Forces, Catherine Vautrin (left), and her deputy, Alice Rufo, in Brussels, on 15 October 2025.
French Minister for the Armed Forces, Catherine Vautrin (left), and her deputy, Alice Rufo, in Brussels, on 15 October 2025. © Nicolas Tucat/AFP

Relations between the French armed forces minister Catherine Vautrin, and her deputy, Alice Rufo, have been frosty since the start of the year, against a backdrop of back-to-back geopolitical crises.

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