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France, Ukraine
The military-industrial challenges behind France's sale of Rafales to Ukraine

Reading time 3 min

A Rafale fighter jet on display at Villacoublay air base, near Paris, ahead of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky's visit to France on 17 November 2025.
A Rafale fighter jet on display at Villacoublay air base, near Paris, ahead of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky's visit to France on 17 November 2025. © Christophe Ena/Pool/EPA/MaxPPP

Presidents Volodymyr Zelensky and Emmanuel Macron took the first step towards the sale of around 100 Rafale fighter jets to Ukraine by signing a letter of intent in Paris today. However, many financial details still need to be negotiated between the two countries' military and industrial leaders.

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