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Kazakhstan, United Kingdom
Europe's spies and the Kazakh Trio, a Love Story, Part 1: Feeding an industry

Reading time 4 minutes

Mining firm Eurasian Resources Group (ERG, formerly ENRC)'s company logo worn on the jacket of a worker at the JSC Kazakhstan Aluminium plant in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Mining firm Eurasian Resources Group (ERG, formerly ENRC)'s company logo worn on the jacket of a worker at the JSC Kazakhstan Aluminium plant in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. © Shamil Zhumatov/Reuters

Last year saw the two surviving founders of Kazakh mining group Eurasian Resources Group relinquish their board seats. As a new generation of executives takes the reins at the company, Intelligence Online looks back at the impact of Chodiev, Mashkevitch and Ibragimov on Europe's private spying industry.

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