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Spotlight | France, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia
For some French firms, Saudi networks lead to coveted Pakistani contracts

A model of Saudi mega-project Neom's Trojena mountains, presented at MIPIM trade fair in Cannes, France, on 14 March 2024. A French firm drilling tunnels for the futuristic city is now at the heart of negotiations between Islamabad and Riyadh over one of the world's largest mines in Pakistan.
A model of Saudi mega-project Neom's Trojena mountains, presented at MIPIM trade fair in Cannes, France, on 14 March 2024. A French firm drilling tunnels for the futuristic city is now at the heart of negotiations between Islamabad and Riyadh over one of the world's largest mines in Pakistan. © Sébastien Nogier/EPA/MaxPPP

While it is nearly impossible for French companies to export their wares to Pakistan, especially military equipment, a few have managed to find a way in through Saudi networks.

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China
Guoanbu pushing Chinese diplomacy within Paris-based international organisations

Workers restoring the roof of the wooden Wan'an Bridge in Fujian Province, China, on 29 November 2023. In December 2024, UNESCO added China's traditional practice of building wooden arch bridges to its intangible cultural heritage list.
Workers restoring the roof of the wooden Wan'an Bridge in Fujian Province, China, on 29 November 2023. In December 2024, UNESCO added China's traditional practice of building wooden arch bridges to its intangible cultural heritage list. © Wang Zhiling/Xinhua/MaxPPP

The Chinese Communist Party wants to strengthen Beijing's position within international organisations, with the support of the Ministry of State Security. The Paris-based OECD and UNESCO are in particular being targeted.

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Kazakhstan, United Kingdom
Europe's spies and the Kazakh Trio, a Love Story, Part 1: Feeding an industry

Mining firm Eurasian Resources Group (ERG, formerly ENRC)'s company logo worn on the jacket of a worker at the JSC Kazakhstan Aluminium plant in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Mining firm Eurasian Resources Group (ERG, formerly ENRC)'s company logo worn on the jacket of a worker at the JSC Kazakhstan Aluminium plant in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. © Shamil Zhumatov/Reuters

Last year saw the two surviving founders of Kazakh mining group Eurasian Resources Group relinquish their board seats. As a new generation of executives takes the reins at the company, Intelligence Online looks back at the impact of Chodiev, Mashkevitch and Ibragimov on Europe's private spying industry.

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